Sanctions and deglobalization
One of the issues that was discussed during the Symposium on the Political Economy of Sanctions (Marburg University, Germany, organized by Mohammad Farzanegan and Sajjad Dizaji) was whether sanctions were a symptom or a cause of deglobalization, also in view of the increased use of sanctions by the US. The increase in the frequency of sanction threats and sanction implementations is associated with the speeding up of globalization after 1990 but this is mainly a reflection of the end to the superpower conflict that enabled a greater efficcy of UN sanctions. Sanctions agains Iran and North Korea are especially linked to one of the sympthoms of deglobalization 2.0, namely the presidency of Mr Trump.
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